![]() In fact, only 20 proteins were listed in a recent review to be associated with the complex of SFs, which include cytoskeleton-binding proteins, adhesion proteins, and small GTPase-related enzymes ( Tojkander et al., 2012). Typical examples include the regulation of cell–substrate adhesion ( Braga et al., 1997 Livne and Geiger, 2016), cell migration ( Hotulainen and Lappalainen, 2006), mechanotransduction ( Chen et al., 2004 Burridge and Wittchen, 2013 Hirata et al., 2015 Wei et al., 2020), morphological maintenance ( Meng and Takeichi, 2009 Jalal et al., 2019 Kang et al., 2020), mechanical properties ( Deguchi et al., 2006 Kumar et al., 2006), and avoidance of proinflammatory signaling and resulting cell homeostasis ( Kaunas et al., 2006 Chien, 2007 Kaunas and Deguchi, 2011).Ĭurrently, the components that constitute SFs remain incompletely identified. ![]() SFs exhibit adaptive responses to changes in intracellular and extracellular cues by modulating assembly and disassembly ( Tojkander et al., 2012), which allows them to be involved in diverse cellular functions. Stress fibers (SFs) are bundles of actin filaments expressed in mesenchymal cell types such as fibroblasts ( Kreis and Birchmeier, 1980).
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